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diff --git a/src/wikiget/client.py b/src/wikiget/client.py
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+++ b/src/wikiget/client.py
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+# wikiget - CLI tool for downloading files from Wikimedia sites
+# Copyright (C) 2023 Cody Logan
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+#
+# Wikiget is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Wikiget is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with Wikiget. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import logging
+from argparse import Namespace
+
+from mwclient import APIError, InvalidResponse, LoginError, Site
+from mwclient.image import Image
+from requests import ConnectionError, HTTPError
+
+import wikiget
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def connect_to_site(site_name: str, args: Namespace) -> Site:
+    # connect to site and identify ourselves
+    logger.info(f"Connecting to {site_name}")
+
+    try:
+        site = Site(site_name, path=args.path, clients_useragent=wikiget.USER_AGENT)
+        if args.username and args.password:
+            site.login(args.username, args.password)
+    except ConnectionError as e:
+        # usually this means there is no such site, or there's no network connection,
+        # though it could be a certificate problem
+        logger.error("Could not connect to specified site")
+        logger.debug(e)
+        raise
+    except HTTPError as e:
+        # most likely a 403 forbidden or 404 not found error for api.php
+        logger.error(
+            "Could not find the specified wiki's api.php. Check the value of --path."
+        )
+        logger.debug(e)
+        raise
+    except (InvalidResponse, LoginError) as e:
+        # InvalidResponse: site exists, but we couldn't communicate with the API
+        # endpoint for some reason other than an HTTP error.
+        # LoginError: missing or invalid credentials
+        logger.error(e)
+        raise
+
+    return site
+
+
+def query_api(filename: str, site: Site) -> Image:
+    # get info about the target file
+    try:
+        image = site.images[filename]
+    except APIError as e:
+        # an API error at this point likely means access is denied, which could happen
+        # with a private wiki
+        logger.error(
+            "Access denied. Try providing credentials with --username and --password."
+        )
+        for i in e.args:
+            logger.debug(i)
+        raise
+
+    return image